Tooth fillings are a common and effective way to restore teeth damaged by cavities, cracks, or minor fractures. Modern fillings offer more comfort, aesthetic options, and durability than ever before. Here’s what you need to know about tooth fillings—from the types available to how to care for them after your procedure.
What Is a Tooth Filling?
A tooth filling is a restorative dental procedure used to repair a tooth damaged by decay, fracture, or wear. The dentist first removes the decayed or damaged part of the tooth, then fills the space with a material that restores the tooth’s shape, strength, and function. Fillings prevent further decay and preserve the tooth's natural structure.
Types of Tooth Fillings
Different materials are used for fillings, each offering unique benefits depending on your needs, preferences, and budget.
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Composite Resin Fillings
- Made from a mixture of plastic and fine glass particles.
- Tooth-colored, blending well with natural teeth, making them ideal for visible teeth.
- Durable for small to medium fillings but may wear over time with larger cavities.
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Amalgam Fillings
- Made from a blend of metals, including silver, mercury, tin, and copper.
- Known for their strength and durability, making them suitable for back teeth.
- More noticeable than tooth-colored fillings due to their silver color.
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Ceramic Fillings
- Made from porcelain, offering a durable, tooth-colored alternative.
- Resistant to staining and very natural-looking.
- Often more expensive than other types and requires more tooth structure removal.
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Gold Fillings
- Extremely durable and long-lasting, lasting up to 20 years or more.
- Often preferred by patients who value strength and durability.
- The most expensive option and noticeable due to their gold color.
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Glass Ionomer Fillings
- Made from a blend of acrylic and glass, often used for fillings near the gumline or in children’s teeth.
- Releases fluoride, which can help protect the surrounding tooth structure.
- Not as durable as other materials, especially on surfaces that endure heavy chewing.
The Tooth Filling Process
- Diagnosis and Preparation: The dentist will examine your tooth and may use X-rays to assess the extent of decay.
- Numbing the Area: Local anesthesia is typically used to numb the affected area, ensuring a pain-free experience.
- Removing the Decay: The dentist carefully removes the decayed portion of the tooth.
- Applying the Filling Material: The filling material is placed in layers, with each layer being hardened using a special light.
- Shaping and Polishing: Once the filling is set, the dentist shapes and polishes it to match your bite and natural tooth structure.
Benefits of Tooth Fillings
- Prevents Further Decay: Fillings block bacteria from entering and spreading, preserving the tooth’s health.
- Restores Function: Fillings restore the natural shape, making chewing and speaking comfortable again.
- Aesthetically Pleasing Options: With options like composite resin and ceramic, modern fillings can blend seamlessly with natural teeth.
- Durable and Long-lasting: Depending on the material, fillings can last many years, sometimes even decades.
Caring for Your Fillings
- Practice Good Oral Hygiene: Brush twice a day, floss daily, and use mouthwash to prevent plaque buildup.
- Avoid Hard and Sticky Foods: Chewing on ice or sticky candy can damage fillings, especially composite and glass ionomer fillings.
- Visit Your Dentist Regularly: Routine check-ups help detect any wear or damage to fillings, ensuring they’re in good shape.
- Watch for Sensitivity: It’s common to experience mild sensitivity after getting a filling, but prolonged or sharp pain may indicate a problem. Contact your dentist if sensitivity persists.
When to Consider a Filling Replacement
Over time, fillings may wear out, crack, or pull away from the tooth, allowing bacteria to seep in. Regular dental exams will reveal when a filling may need replacement to avoid further decay or infection.
Conclusion
Tooth fillings are an excellent solution for restoring teeth affected by decay or damage. With a range of materials and advanced techniques, fillings now offer durability, functionality, and aesthetic appeal. By maintaining a good oral care routine and visiting your dentist regularly, you can keep your fillings—and your smile—in top shape